The Role of Government in Business Essay - 1425 Words

History Ever since the colonial times businesses in the United States of America faced business regulations. During the 19th century, when the American economy became more industrialized, and grew to a world power, the federal government passed business laws, that favored social reforms over the interests of big business. In the 20th century government involvement in business continued to expand. So made Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† legislation effectively the federal government the countries largest regulator of business and the economy, after the great depression in the 1930’s (U.S. Department of State publication, 2008). Later during this century, the regulation by federal or state, were widely replaced by newly for this purpose formed†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the US government could not sustain itself, without the economic growth created by public businesses. Although the present system, consisting of federal and state regulations, may often se em to be inconsistent or even self-contradictory, and furthermore, confusing to lobbyists and abhorrent by the business community, compared to many others in the world it is a relatively loose one, creating the US as a nations, whose business welfare depends a lot on the decisions of private entrepreneurs. The role of government in business Although or despite, the private sector is the United State’s biggest economic driver, the government beliefs it needs regulation. As described earlier, the governments role in business is as old as the country itself, and it is empowered by the Constitution to regulate some commerce. While the government’s influence has increased a lot over time, businesses still enjoy a comparatively considerable freedom. The next section, will give an overview of the possibilities the government has to exercises its authority. Before a company can start to operate, it needs to register with a state government. This permission is to define the financial liability of the owners, and to allow the government to monitor companies to execute its functions in the business world correctly (United States Department of Commerce, 2011). The government enforcedShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Governments Play An Important Role Of Business Innovation1296 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Governments play an important role in business innovation.’ Discuss in relation to two sectors. Introduction It is a common notion that it is primarily the private sector that drives innovation and economic growth, while the government, at best, plays only organization role in ‘fixing market failures’. Under this myth lies a different story, where some of the best advanced economies in the world have been shaped directly by government ¬ led investments. By not being capable to recognize the governmentRead MoreThe Role Of Resources Between Households And Business And Governments Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages î ¿ ¿ I. Introduction to the Ghirardelli company: II. The interaction of resources between households and business and governments: III. Market mechanisms of chocolate, Price elasticity of chocolate, GDP and foreign exchange: IV. Trade and Productivity: V. Unemployment, Inflation and business cycle: VI. Classical and Keynesian economics, Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand: VII. Conclusions and Outcomes î ¿ ¾ Introduction to the Ghirardelli company Introduction to the Ghirardelli companyRead MoreThe Government Intervention Of International Business Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhen governments amongst nations conduct in international business, it exposes them to increased risks and costs through unfair trade and bribery in order to obtain a competitive advantage or power. Mercantilism explains why the government intervention of international business increases the chances of these risks. Mercantilism is the theory that explains, the government will maintain their economy and trade to promote their own domestic industry at the cost of the other country leading to unfairRead MorePro Business Or Anti Business775 Words   |  4 PagesPro-Business or Anti-Business Kiara Carruthers Team MBA 520 11/14/14 According to Lawrence and Weber (2013), Understanding the government’s authority and its relationship with business is essential for managers in developing their strategies and achieving the goals of the organization. Collaborative partnership is most helpful when dealing with issues of the community. Having a partnership among a business and the government allows them both to contribute their own skills to solve communityRead MoreRole of the United States Government in the Global Expansion of Us Media Industries1478 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Expansion of US Media Industries 1 ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN THE GLOBAL EXPANSION OF US MEDIA INDUSTRIES by Lunlalit Niyomtas Student ID : 14060193 Global Media 2MED7H3 Professor Daya Thussu School of Media, Arts and Design University of Westminster Global Expansion of US Media Industries 2 Introduction In the recent past, we cannot deny that the media industry has experienced monumental growth both in terms of revenues and global expansion. Like other businessesRead MoreRoles and Function of Law737 Words   |  3 PagesRoles and Functions of Law Laws must be observed in order for business, society, and local government to operate proficiently. Laws are put into place to help keep people’s behaviors in order and to regulate standards. Law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having legal binding force. The common characteristic of the current state of law is that it creates duties, obligations, and rights that reflect accepted views of a given society (Melvin, 2011). TheRead MoreThe US Laws and Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable Business Practices834 Words   |  4 Pagesand Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable Business Practices BUSN115 September 21, 2013 Professor Neal McGregor The US Laws and Guidelines Governing Fair and Equitable Business Practices The United States became one of the most influential world powers virtually overnight. The system of functionality which maintains this growth and power is the refined codes of business practices which are the cornerstone for domestic and international business relations the world over. Due to the unprecedentedRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Business ethics often encompasses many concerns such social responsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpointRead MoreShould Managers or Business Owners Be Able to Exercise Their Managerial Prerogative Without Interference from the Other Actors in the Employment Relationship?1392 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagers or business owners be able to exercise their managerial prerogative without interference from the other actors in the employment relationship? Number of Words: 1304 In the modern time, managerial prerogative is an essential system for most society’s managers or business owners to run their business, managerial prerogative which is defined as the right of managers or business owners to make decision about all aspects of their business without interference from government, workers orRead MoreThe Main Threats That Business Leaders Within The 21st Century1531 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses impacting on the way organisations are controlled (Saheed, 2013). Therefore, corporate governance plays an integral role in establishing organisational order, by creating structures of coherent communication and distributing responsibility amongst board directors, creditors and stakeholders (Klazema, 2014). Similarly, an organisations stakeholders play an important role in influencing managerial behaviour, due to being defined as people with an interest in organisational performance and are

A Report On Leesons Exposure Profile - 2204 Words

In time, Leeson began selling options. This form of supplementing his actions breached Barings Banks’ rules. Following 1992, Lesson’s option sales increased dramatically as he was trying to meet the various margin calls. To do this he focused on selling short straddle option contracts. This type of option and the associated profit and loss profile Leeson used will be described in further detail below. Leeson’s Exposure Profile During the two years that Leeson played the Nikkei 225, starting in mid-1992, the index fluctuated heavily. During these fluctuations, Leeson would flip his future contract positions if the market moved continuously in the unfavourable direction. However, most of the damage was done towards the late end of this period in mid-1994. In June 1994, Leeson believed that the Nikkei 225 was going to rise in value, so he purchased a large amount of futures contracts. Instead of rising, the market took a dive, dropping nearly 22% by the collapse of the bank at the end of February 1995. This triggered frequent margin calls in Leeson’s accounts on both of the exchanges he traded on, the OSE and SIMEX. Due to the magnitude of the losses, he was not able to fund the variation margin with the various resources that the bank had, and was forced to find an alternative means of gathering funds. Image modified from: Nikkei 225 Index Chart - Yahoo! Canada Finance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, fromShow MoreRelatedOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pagesdisabling under some circumstances.† â€Å"Blocking the emergency core cooling system over this period and permitting operation for a prolonged period with a vital safety system unavailable are indicative of an absence of safety culture.† Quoted from a report of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986.1 As experience shows, the sure way to disaster is to consistently neglect existing risks until everybody is convinced that nothing will happen anyway

Yes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations Free Essays

Yes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations Should vaccinations be mandatory for children entering school? At the present time, all fifty states in the United States require children entering public school to be vaccinated. However, no federal vaccination laws exist (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know? ). We will write a custom essay sample on Yes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many parents hold religious beliefs against vaccination. Forcing such parents to vaccinate their children would violate the First Amendment, which guarantees citizens the right to the free exercise of their religion.Others believe that common childhood vaccinations may cause rare, yet serious reactions. Proponents of mandatory vaccination argue that the risk of not being vaccinated far outweighs the small risk associated with vaccination. Preventable diseases like measles and mumps can cause permanent disability and death. In 1991, an outbreak of measles in an unvaccinated group of children in Philadelphia caused seven deaths (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Pro). Children infected with mumps can become permanently deaf.Although a very small number of deaths from the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine have been reported, the most common adverse reactions are minor soreness and or fever. Vaccines can eradicate disease and prevent serious illness and death. Mandatory vaccination has eliminated disease that once killed thousands of children, such as polio and smallpox. According to the researchers at the Pediatric Academic Society, childhood vaccinations in the United States prevent about 10. million cases of infectious illness and 33,000 deaths per year (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know? ). They believe that most childhood vaccines are 90-99% effective in preventing disease (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Pro). When children who have been vaccinated do contract a disease, despite being vaccinated against it, they usually have milder symptoms with less serious complications than an un-vaccinated child who gets the same disease.Since some individuals who have been vaccinated may still get sick when exposed to infected individuals, 75%-94% of the population (depending on the disease) must be vaccinated to achieve â€Å"herd immunity† (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Pro). When herd immunity is achieved, the number of immunized individuals is high enough to prevent the spread of disease through the population. Even when diseases seem to no longer exist, outbreaks can still occur if children are not vaccinated.In Boulder, Colorado, fear over possible side effects of the whooping-cough (pertussis) vaccine led many parents to refuse vaccination for their children, causing Boulder to have the lowest school-wide vaccination rate in Colorado for whooping-cough, and one of the highest rates of whooping-cough in the United States as of 2002 (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Pro). However there are certainly concerns about vaccinations. According to a 2010 survey by the University of Michigan, 31% of parents believe that they should have the right to refuse mandated school entry vaccinations for their children (ProCon. rg, Children Vaccinations, Con). They believe that vaccines are often unnecessary in many cases where the threat of death from the disease is small. During the early nineteenth century, death from childhood diseases, such as, whooping-cough, measles, and scarlet fever, fell dramatically even before immunization became available (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Con). This decreased mortality has been attributed to improve personal hygiene, water purification, effective sewage disposal, and better food hygiene and nutrition, not immunization.Many against mandatory vaccination believe that vaccinations interfere with natural law and God’s plan for humanity. They believe that disease is a natural occurrence and humans should not interfere. Vaccines can trigger autoimmune disorders. An un-vaccinated child can build and strengthen his immune system through fighting off infection and can develop a natural immunity to diseases like measles and chickenpox. Vaccines could create an artificial immunity which weakens the immune system, leaving the child more vulnerable to other diseases and infections.Opponents of mandatory vaccination believe that vaccines are created for primarily to generate profit for manufacturers and medical organizations that endorse vaccinations. While the economic slant is bothersome to those opposing mandatory vaccines, their side of the argument is fueled by claims paid under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in the United States Court of Federal Claims between 1988 and 2009, which has awarded compensation to 1,322 families whose children suffered brain damage from vaccines (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know? . About 30,000 cases of adverse reactions to vaccines have been reported to the federal government sinc e 1990 (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know? ). Only 13% of those cases were classified as serious, i. e. permanent disability, hospitalization, life-threatening illness, or death (ProCon. org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know? ). Should parents have the right to determine whether their child should have mandatory vaccinations, or should the government have the right to decide whether vaccinations are in the best interest of national health?It has been proven that vaccinations can help eliminate diseases that once killed thousands of children. There is still the thought that any risk to a child from immunization is not worth taking, especially considering that most diseases vaccinated against are not necessarily life threatening. The â€Å"slippery slope† seems to be whether the government should have the right to interfere with First Amendment rights. How to cite Yes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations, Papers

Vitamin E and Coronary Heart Disease Arising from Atherosclerosis

Question: Write an essay on Vitamin E and Coronary Heart Disease Arising from Atherosclerosis? Answer: Epidemiological evidences: Various ecologic studies as well as epidemiological evidences suggested that the region of the people have greater chances to suffer from various coronary heart diseases where intake of vitamin E, is in comparatively in less amount. But the effectiveness of this vitamin E is more relevant for the prolong period of time, as two separate clinical study reposts that people who intake anti-oxidant in the form of vitamin E for more than two years has 40 % lower chances to suffer from the coronary heart disease, but when the study conducted for less that 6 months there is no remarkable effect of vitamin E is found (Basson, 2010). In the second cases the duration of doses also very short like 100IU/d. Rapidly increasing clinical evidence suggest that regular intake of vitamin E decrease the risk of atherosclerosis as well as other coronary heart diseases as vitamin E act as scavengers of free radicals which partially or completely prevent the oxidation of fatty acid. In other side of random ized survey, a dose of 50 IU of vitamin E has no such effect on the risk of getting coronary heart disease as well as atherosclerosis. So it can be suggested that comparatively higher doses of vitamin E have significant influence on reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (First International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition March 1920, 2010 Polydome, Clermont-Ferrand, France,2010). In a clinical study which is conducted by nutritionist gay in a cross sectional methods on three specific areas of Europe. The areas are classified upon the tendency of people of particular area to get attack by coronary heart disease; these are high mortality for coronary disease including Scotland, North Karelia etc; medium mortality area for coronary diseases like Northern Ireland as well as low mortality is like southern Italy (Guo, 2010). It is significantly shown that concentration of vitamin E which is adjusted in relation to the cholesterol in blood plasma is remarkably higher in the people who are belonging from the low mortality area for coronary heart disease. In a context of another detailed study effectiveness of anti-oxidants in the form of vitamin E is proved. This study includes the 16 different populations in Europe which is conducted on cross sectional structure, also suggested that plasma concentration Vitamin E and risk of coronary heart disease or coronary mortal ity rate are inversely proportional to each other (Hill, 2010). Though the dietary intake of vitamin E is the main focusing factor in relation to the coronary heart disease, but certainly other factors associated with coronary heart disease must be considered. Here for specific individual who are administered optimum amount if vitamin E in daily basis as well as for the people who has the more plasma concentration of vitamin E in their blood have relatively low chances of coronary heart diseases (Hosseini, 2011). In a clinical study in the form of cross-sectional design conducted by Salonen, concentration of vitamin E in the blood plasma of patient is compared to the plasma concentration of healthy subjects. In this study there are two groups are involved ( Majima, 2011). The first group is associated with 449 people who have never had coronary heart disease or any symptoms of coronary heart diseases. The researchers evaluate the concentration of vitamin E in the blood plasma of this group in the method of stress test which is negative. In the other side the second group is associated with 65 people who undiagnosed coronary heart disease in the past or any symptoms of coronary heart diseases. The researchers evaluate the concentration of vitamin E in the blood plasma of this group in the method of stress test which is positive (Appelman, 2010). As the results came out, it can be suggested that there are no remarkable differences in the average value of concentration of vitamin E in the blood plasma of each individual group. In the case of another clinical study which is conducted in the case-control design by Riemersma in 350 people, where angina pectoris is under the focusing factor, relating to the concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma. After the scientific evaluation in prospective structure overview the researchers suggest that in which cases the plasma level of vitamin E is lower, the occurrence of angina pectoris or the probability as well as the symptoms of the angina pectoris significantly became higher. Prevention of coronary heart disease in the perspective of vitamin E and its effects: Basically number of compounds exists in combined form in vitamin E which is very significant from the perspective of anti-oxidant characteristics. Various important elements like tocopherol, tocotrienols which act as lipid soluble substance in the form of anti-oxidants (Nikkhah, 2011). The main reason behind the low risk of getting attack of coronary heart disease upon the application of vitamin E is that, the anti-oxidant property of vitamin E prevents the oxidative modification caused by lipoprotein with low-density as well as cholesterol. And this low oxidation helps to decrease the amount of lipoprotein or cholesterol uptake which later accumulates in the artery lumen. In the perspective of coronary heart diseases management plan, various observational study suggest that those who are administered optimum amount of anti-oxidant in the form of vitamin E ,have greater chance to prevent the abnormalities relating to cardiovascular system. The associations of America which are dealin g with various heart diseases are also suggested that balance diet intake, mainly focusing on the fruits and diet as well as green vegetables which are the rich sources of anti-oxidants especially in the form of vitamin E (Norval, 2014). Though in the significant recommendation of the associations of America which are dealing with various heart diseases, there is no indication of supplement of vitamin E. Vitamin E also directly responsible for the reduction of excessive amount of fatty tissue in the body thus it also reduces the risk of heart attack. As vitamin E methodologically hydrolyzed before it can be absorbed in the intestine so, most of the cases for the healthy persons, it is effective as well as safe (Raukas, 2012). But intake of vitamin E can be causing some vital adverse effect, when it administered in excessive high dose. The fatal high dose like, in the range of 400 IU/day to 450 IU/day may cause even death of the patient or individual. Besides this various significant adverse effect are there for the administration of vitamin E in excessive amount. These are nausea associated with diarrhea, patient may also suffer from cramp of stomach, gaining excessive body weight. Weakness followed by depression; blurred vision and rash will also included in the adverse effect for intake of vitamin E in excessive amount especially prolong period of time. Discussion: It is one of the most important parts where overall view on the vitamin E and in the boarder perspective anti-oxidants and coronary heart diseases are discussed. Vitamin basically treated as a fat-soluble nutrient which is naturally sourced in foods such as nuts, seeds, fish oils and vegetables that act as a crucial lipid associated antioxidant within the body. It can be suggested on the basis of various clinical study that comparatively higher doses of vitamin E have significant influence on reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (Schaefer, 2010). Vitamin E is present in membranes and lipoproteins that terminates various essential chain reactions like free radicals involving lipids. Free radicals are atoms which contain unpaired electrons they are able to exist independently and are highly reactive, due to this free radicals can start chain reactions causing damage to cellular components, DNA or cell membrane which can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease or cancer. When vitamin E has been excreted into the bloodstream by plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes the chylomicrons transport alpha-tocopherol from enterocyte to the liver. Serum concentrations of vitamin E depend on the liver, which absorbs the essential nutrients of alpha-tocopherol from the small intestine. However recognition of Vitamin E antioxidant have been associated with reducing the risk of many diseases such as, cancer, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation, having being provided with an adequate dose of vitamin E.Excessive use of vitamin E also have some adverse effects.These are nausea associated with diarrhea, patient may also suffer from cramp of stomach, gaining excessive body weight. Weakness followed by depression; blurred vision and rash will also included in the adverse effect for intake of vitamin E in excessive amount especially prolong period of time (Sun, 2010). Coronary heart diseases mainly are a build-up of fibrous and fatty materials within the arteries; the atheroma starts to accumulate within the lining of the artery wall causing inflammation. If the arteries are unable to repair the tissue creating a seal of fibrous material over the fatty core, eventually the fatty material will form into plaque. The process continues more atheroma accumulates which results in inflammation and increasing plaque formation narrowing the arteries, this is an underlying condition of Coronary Heart Disease (Trepanowski, 2010).Inflammation may develope in a lesion formation, inflammatory mediators and cytokines stimulate migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells of the vascular deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, elastin and collagen produces the expansion. If there is abnormality in fibrous cap this can effect in a rupture resulting in underlying thrombogenic tissues, from these actions the plaque can continue to form atherosclerotic le sions inducing the thrombus formation which realises the inflammatory receptors increasing the growth narrow spacing in lumina (Turker,2010). The main cause of the low risk of getting attack of coronary heart disease upon the application of vitamin E is that, the anti-oxidant property of vitamin E prevents the oxidative modification caused by lipoprotein with low-density as well as cholesterol. And this low oxidation helps to decrease the amount of lipoprotein or cholesterol uptake which later accumulates in the artery lumen. In the perspective of coronary heart diseases management plan, various observational study suggest that those who are administered optimum amount of anti-oxidant in the form of vitamin E ,have greater chance to prevent the abnormalities relating to circulatory system (Wallace,2011). After the various clinical study on various heart diseases and application of vitamin E researchers also suggested that balance diet intake, mainly focusing on the fruits and diet a s well as green vegetables which are the rich sources of anti-oxidants especially in the form of vitamin E. Anti-oxidant in the form of Vitamin E is present in membranes and lipoprotients which can prevent chain reactions such as free radicals involving lipids. In the mechanism of action of anti-oxidants in the management of coronary heart diseases, and here free radicals are important factor, which contain unpaired electrons they are able to exist independently and are highly reactive (Zivkovic, 2011). Conclusion: After the above discussion about the Prevention of coronary heart disease in the perspective of vitamin E and its effects it can be concluded that with the various effective and relevant medicine of various especially coronary heart diseases anti-oxidants in the form of vitamin E is also very significant. As the Coronary heart diseases are affects the artery which consists of fibrous and fatty materials within the arteries; and in the mean time thermo starts to consume within the lining of the artery wall causing inflammation. If the arteries are unable to repair the tissue creating a seal of fibrous material over the fatty core, eventually the fatty material transform into plaque and it vitamin E prevents the oxidative modification caused by lipoprotein with low-density as well as cholesterol. Another important element is health literacy which is the basic platform of understanding and application of various management strategies which has to conduct by patient himself. It degree of understanding by which an individual can able to identify and analyses the primary health information and can prepare for the further appropriate step influencing the overall management plan of diabetes in the perspective of self-awareness. References Basson, C. and Lerman, B. (2010). Topics in structural heart disease. New York: Demos Medical Pub. First International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition March 1920, 2010 Polydome, Clermont-Ferrand, France. (2010). The journal of nutrition, health aging, 14(3), pp.244-256. Guo, X., Liu, J. and Li, H. (2010). e0277 Use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in outpatients with coronary heart disease in China and its influence on the use of guideline-recommended therapies: Results from the Bridging the Gap on CHD Secondary Prevention in China (BRIG) Project. Heart, 96(Suppl 3), pp.A87-A87. Hill, A. (2010). Research handbook for health care professionals. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 23(4), pp.429-430. Hosseini, E., Grootaert, C., Verstraete, W. and Van de Wiele, T. (2011). Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut. Nutrition Reviews, 69(5), pp.245-258. Majima, H., P. Indo, H., Suenaga, S., Matsui, H., Yen, H. and Ozawa, T. (2011). Mitochondria as Possible Pharmaceutical Targets for the Effects of Vitamin E and its Homologues in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(21), pp.2190-2195. Maas, A. and Appelman, Y. (2010). Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Netherlands Heart Journal, 18(12), pp.598-603. Nikkhah, A. (2011). Science of Camel and Yak Milks: Human Nutrition and Health Perspectives. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 02(06), pp.667-673. Norval, M. (2014). A Short Circular History of Vitamin D from its Discovery to its Effects. Res Medica, 268(2). Raukas, M., Rebane, R., Mahlapuu, R., Jefremov, V., Zilmer, K., Karelson, E., Bogdanovic, N. and Zilmer, M. (2012). Mitochondrial oxidative stress index, activity of redox-sensitive aconitase and effects of endogenous anti- and pro-oxidants on its activity in control, Alzheimer's disease and Swedish Familial Alzheimer's disease brain. Free Radical Research, 46(12), pp.1490-1495. Schaefer, E. (2010). High density lipoproteins, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. New York: Springer. Sun, L. and Lu, S. (2010). e0328 Coronary artery calcification may predict coronary heart disease in women patients. Heart, 96(Suppl 3), pp.A102-A102. Trepanowski, J. and Bloomer, R. (2010). The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutr J, 9(1), p.57. Turker, Y., Ozaydin, M. and Yucel, H. (2010). Heart rate variability and heart rate recovery in patients with coronary artery ectasia. Coronary Artery Disease, 21(1), pp.8-12. Wallace, T., Guarner, F., Madsen, K., Cabana, M., Gibson, G., Hentges, E. and Sanders, M. (2011). Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease. Nutrition Reviews, 69(7), pp.392-403. Zivkovic, A. and Barile, D. (2011). Bovine Milk as a Source of Functional Oligosaccharides for Improving Human Health. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal, 2(3), pp.284-289.